未富先老？十二五挑戰大 【3/5 22:05】
5 March 2011 Last updated at 02:56 GMT 
Mr Wen said rising prices "affect social stability"
He says the government aims to keep inflation to within 4% and hit economic growth of 8%.
Mr Wen accepted that uneven economic development was a "serious problem".
The focus on social stability was echoed in an editorial in the Communist Party-run Beijing Daily that coincided with the opening of the Congress and which warned against any Middle East-inspired pro-democracy protests.
The speech is the most important of the year delivered by a Chinese politician, correspondents say, similar in status to the State of the Union address in the US.
"Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased," Mr Wen says.
"This problem concerns the people's well-being, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must, therefore, make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable."
This year's National People's Congress, which meets for 10 days, is to approve China's five-year plan for 2011-2015.
The plan, the country's 12th since the Communist Party took power in 1949, aims to create more sustainable growth and even out growing disparities in wealth between rich and poor.
'Tranquil and orderly' Domestic demand would be stimulated, Mr Wen said, with subsidies to farmers and the urban poor increased.
"Expanding domestic demand is a long-term strategic principle and basic standpoint of China's economic development as well as a fundamental means and an internal requirement for promoting balanced economic development," Mr Wen said.
The government would "firmly curb the excessively rapid rise of housing prices in some cities".
"We must make improving the people's lives a pivot linking reform, development and stability... and make sure people are content with their lives and jobs, society is tranquil and orderly and the country enjoys long-term peace and stability," Mr Wen said.
He made no mention of the unrest in the Middle East, but the Beijing Daily editorial said that "stability is a blessing and chaos is a calamity".
Recent anonymous calls from a US-based website for pro-democracy protests in Chinese cities have been smothered by police.
"Those people intent on concocting and finding Middle East-style news in China will find their plans come to nothing," Beijing Daily said.
There are tens of thousands of protests across China every year, but most are over local grievances, especially land confiscated for development projects.
Despite the booming economic growth there are millions who feel shut out, angry at official corruption, at inequalities that are rising and at land grabs, says the BBC's Damian Grammaticas in Beijing.
That is why the government is so concerned about the possibilities for unrest, he says.
〔中央社〕中國「十二五規劃」今天提交人大審查，可看出「民富國強」、「世界工廠」轉型為「世界市場」等雄心，由於人口紅利漸褪色，屆時是否未富先老？產業能否順利轉型？全球都在看。
中國大陸國民經濟和社會發展第12個5年規劃（2011至2015年）綱要（草案）今天提交第11屆全國人民代表大會第4次會議審查。草案明確揭示，調整產業結構、轉變經濟發展方式、擴大內需等國家戰略目標。
2010年中國大陸國內生產毛額（GDP）超越日本，成為全球第2大經濟體，但「經濟學人」雜誌分析，「中國仍是個非常貧窮的國家；中國人均所得與先進經濟體仍有差距，得花1個世代時間，才能達到先進經濟體的水準。」
中國大陸官方統計也顯示，2009年GDP年增8.7%，但貧窮人口達1.5億人，人均GDP仍居世界百位之後。
經濟超日趕美，有些中國網民卻說，「GDP總量是第2了，可平均數是多少？照樣上不起學，看不起病，買不起房。GDP第2，不會是因為漲價漲的吧！」
物價飆漲，中國出現「囤囤族」、「特搜族」、「蹭飯族」；北京等高房價都市甚至出現群居的「蟻族」，或住到地下防空洞的「鼠族」。「綠豆、蒜漲得和肉價一樣了，就是工資不漲」，中國網民情緒性地說。
因此，「十二五規劃」提出10大改善民生行動計畫，包括提高最低工資標準，最低工資年均成長13%、每年平均900萬個新增就業機會、建設保障性及改造住房3600萬戶、減少農村貧困人口、減輕稅負等。
事實上，今天人大會議與會代表或委員幾乎都在談民生問題，下午分組討論也是一樣。中國官方媒體更以「一個關注『幸福』的兩會」、「GDP減速，幸福提速」等標題，形容兩會（人大與政協）聚焦民生議題。
簡單說，透過「十二五規劃」，中國希望由「崛起的強國」，轉為「民富」；由靠外貿帶動經濟成長，轉向擴大內需；由純代工的「世界工廠」，轉型為「世界市場」，甚至是吸引外資進駐的「世界辦公室」。
不僅如此，綠色環保產業也是「十二五規劃」的重點。
北京清華大學國情研究中心主任胡鞍鋼曾說，中國經濟發展過程中，不自覺成為世界最大「黑貓」，煤炭消費占全球近一半；「十二五規劃」，中國要轉變為「綠貓」。
不過，在一胎化政策的後效下，中國人口老化狀況很可能成為「十二五規劃」的最大挑戰。
「2000年，中國65歲以上老年人占總人口比率6.8%，與世界平均水準一樣；2009年中國老年人口比率達到8.3%，高於世界平均水準7.5%」，大陸學者在座談會中說。
這代表以往中國大陸所仰賴的便宜勞動力優勢已不再，而且一旦「未富先老」，那怎麼辦？
另一項挑戰是產業轉型與人才需求課題。
大陸人才返鄉潮流正在發生，因此，大陸媒體報導，同時出現「用工荒」與「就業難」課題，很多農民工「上不來」，很多大學生「下不去」。
在勞力密集產業轉向資本密集產業，或是為避免產能過剩，鼓勵企業併購整合，提升效能的過程中，對許多企業都是很大的挑戰。
套句中國官方媒體的話，「『十二五規劃』恐怕是中國史上與世界關聯最大的發展議程，中國與世界的關係面臨更大機遇，也面臨更大挑戰。」中國如何因應機遇與挑戰，全世界都在看。
中國大陸國民經濟和社會發展第12個5年規劃（2011至2015年）綱要（草案）今天提交第11屆全國人民代表大會第4次會議審查。草案明確揭示，調整產業結構、轉變經濟發展方式、擴大內需等國家戰略目標。
2010年中國大陸國內生產毛額（GDP）超越日本，成為全球第2大經濟體，但「經濟學人」雜誌分析，「中國仍是個非常貧窮的國家；中國人均所得與先進經濟體仍有差距，得花1個世代時間，才能達到先進經濟體的水準。」
中國大陸官方統計也顯示，2009年GDP年增8.7%，但貧窮人口達1.5億人，人均GDP仍居世界百位之後。
經濟超日趕美，有些中國網民卻說，「GDP總量是第2了，可平均數是多少？照樣上不起學，看不起病，買不起房。GDP第2，不會是因為漲價漲的吧！」
物價飆漲，中國出現「囤囤族」、「特搜族」、「蹭飯族」；北京等高房價都市甚至出現群居的「蟻族」，或住到地下防空洞的「鼠族」。「綠豆、蒜漲得和肉價一樣了，就是工資不漲」，中國網民情緒性地說。
因此，「十二五規劃」提出10大改善民生行動計畫，包括提高最低工資標準，最低工資年均成長13%、每年平均900萬個新增就業機會、建設保障性及改造住房3600萬戶、減少農村貧困人口、減輕稅負等。
事實上，今天人大會議與會代表或委員幾乎都在談民生問題，下午分組討論也是一樣。中國官方媒體更以「一個關注『幸福』的兩會」、「GDP減速，幸福提速」等標題，形容兩會（人大與政協）聚焦民生議題。
簡單說，透過「十二五規劃」，中國希望由「崛起的強國」，轉為「民富」；由靠外貿帶動經濟成長，轉向擴大內需；由純代工的「世界工廠」，轉型為「世界市場」，甚至是吸引外資進駐的「世界辦公室」。
不僅如此，綠色環保產業也是「十二五規劃」的重點。
北京清華大學國情研究中心主任胡鞍鋼曾說，中國經濟發展過程中，不自覺成為世界最大「黑貓」，煤炭消費占全球近一半；「十二五規劃」，中國要轉變為「綠貓」。
不過，在一胎化政策的後效下，中國人口老化狀況很可能成為「十二五規劃」的最大挑戰。
「2000年，中國65歲以上老年人占總人口比率6.8%，與世界平均水準一樣；2009年中國老年人口比率達到8.3%，高於世界平均水準7.5%」，大陸學者在座談會中說。
這代表以往中國大陸所仰賴的便宜勞動力優勢已不再，而且一旦「未富先老」，那怎麼辦？
另一項挑戰是產業轉型與人才需求課題。
大陸人才返鄉潮流正在發生，因此，大陸媒體報導，同時出現「用工荒」與「就業難」課題，很多農民工「上不來」，很多大學生「下不去」。
在勞力密集產業轉向資本密集產業，或是為避免產能過剩，鼓勵企業併購整合，提升效能的過程中，對許多企業都是很大的挑戰。
套句中國官方媒體的話，「『十二五規劃』恐怕是中國史上與世界關聯最大的發展議程，中國與世界的關係面臨更大機遇，也面臨更大挑戰。」中國如何因應機遇與挑戰，全世界都在看。
China's Premier Wen Jiabao targets 'social stability'
Mr Wen said rising prices "affect social stability" China must ensure social stability by reducing inflation and corruption, Premier Wen Jiabao has told the parliament's annual session.
Mr Wen has been addressing about 3,000 delegates to open the National People's Congress in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.He says the government aims to keep inflation to within 4% and hit economic growth of 8%.
Mr Wen accepted that uneven economic development was a "serious problem".
The focus on social stability was echoed in an editorial in the Communist Party-run Beijing Daily that coincided with the opening of the Congress and which warned against any Middle East-inspired pro-democracy protests.
The speech is the most important of the year delivered by a Chinese politician, correspondents say, similar in status to the State of the Union address in the US.
"Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased," Mr Wen says.
"This problem concerns the people's well-being, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must, therefore, make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable."
Continue reading the main story
That's why the government is so concerned about the possibilities for unrest.
Grammaticas in China
Despite the booming economic growth there are millions who feel shut out, angry at official corruption, at inequalities that are rising, at land grabs.That's why the government is so concerned about the possibilities for unrest.
Inflation in China is at 4.9%, and has continued to accelerate despite three recent interest rate hikes. Analysts say it has yet to peak.
Rising prices are a concern because poor families spend up to half their incomes on food.This year's National People's Congress, which meets for 10 days, is to approve China's five-year plan for 2011-2015.
The plan, the country's 12th since the Communist Party took power in 1949, aims to create more sustainable growth and even out growing disparities in wealth between rich and poor.
'Tranquil and orderly' Domestic demand would be stimulated, Mr Wen said, with subsidies to farmers and the urban poor increased.
"Expanding domestic demand is a long-term strategic principle and basic standpoint of China's economic development as well as a fundamental means and an internal requirement for promoting balanced economic development," Mr Wen said.
The government would "firmly curb the excessively rapid rise of housing prices in some cities".
Continue reading the main story
NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS
- China's annual parliament session of about 3,000 delegates
- A forum for the leadership to outline priorities, not for debate
- A new five-year plan for 2011 - 2015 will be approved
- Premier Wen Jiabao opens it with his work report and closes it on 14 March with his press conference
China's economy has become the world's second largest after several decades of rapid growth. But the success has come at the cost of polluted skies and waterways across much of the country.
Much of that growth has been driven by exports and large infrastructure projects, but there are concerns that the economy could falter unless it changes course. "We must make improving the people's lives a pivot linking reform, development and stability... and make sure people are content with their lives and jobs, society is tranquil and orderly and the country enjoys long-term peace and stability," Mr Wen said.
He made no mention of the unrest in the Middle East, but the Beijing Daily editorial said that "stability is a blessing and chaos is a calamity".
Recent anonymous calls from a US-based website for pro-democracy protests in Chinese cities have been smothered by police.
"Those people intent on concocting and finding Middle East-style news in China will find their plans come to nothing," Beijing Daily said.
There are tens of thousands of protests across China every year, but most are over local grievances, especially land confiscated for development projects.
Despite the booming economic growth there are millions who feel shut out, angry at official corruption, at inequalities that are rising and at land grabs, says the BBC's Damian Grammaticas in Beijing.
That is why the government is so concerned about the possibilities for unrest, he says.
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